Upper School Curriculum

English 9 continues grammar study and its integration with composition skills. Through composition instruction, students will be able to demonstrate competence in the construction of five-paragraph expositions on various topics and of literary essays involving reading comprehension and analysis. Literature studies expose the student to a genre study of the epic, the play, the short story, the poem, and the novel. Students will take part in two Great Books projects encouraging reading of canon and popular works. Vocabulary enhancement includes study in a sequenced SAT-based vocabulary workbook and examination of diction in literary context. A major part of the year’s study is the entire research process from topic selection through citation with emphasis on the avoidance of plagiarism as spelled out by the school’s Honor Code. To reinforce the practice of the research process, three guided research assignments will be completed 9 throughout the year. Strategies for developing public speaking skills are interwoven throughout the course.

The theme for English 10 is CHOICE. Whether students analyze their own choices, a character’s choice, or a writer’s choice, they revisit the theme of CHOICE with every piece of literature. English 10 stresses applied grammar and composition skills, reading comprehension, critical thinking skills and vocabulary development for applications on the SAT. The course also focuses on an international genre study of the major literary types: drama, the novel, the short story, and poetry. The structure of the course reinforces literary analysis and critical thinking skills. Students complete many short papers and essays to utilize various elements of style. Students continue to build public speaking skills through presentations, classroom participation, and literary readings. Students complete mini-research projects and papers throughout the year in order to reinforce the scholarly research process and mastery of the MLA format. In all these assignments, students gain understanding in the power of their own CHOICES as they study the CHOICES of others.

This advanced world literature and composition course offers a challenging curriculum that requires advanced reading comprehension, presentation skills, and writing ability. It will focus on skills necessary for the analysis of poetry, drama and fiction. In its study of genres, this course parallels English 10; however, both selections and assignments are more numerous, sophisticated and demanding. This course emphasizes the recognition of archetypal characters and themes in contemporary literature and society. Students in this course should demonstrate effective written expression to write essays with minimum grammar and mechanical errors, independent reading comprehension skills, research literacy skills, and the potential to develop advanced writing skills needed for the Advanced Placement course of study. Sophomore English class includes a thorough review of research skills using databases and electronic sources, MLA format, and strategies to avoid plagiarism. Students will engage in activities designed to build effective public speaking skills.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on English 9 achievement

The goal of English 11 is to further develop students’ reading and writing skills using expository, narrative, formal argument, and literary analysis in relation to the study of American literature. A special emphasis is placed on personal writing in preparation for the college application essays. The course focuses on recognizing common errors, improving syntax through effective transitions, and honing SAT/ACT skills. Vocabulary words gleaned from SAT lists and literary readings are reviewed throughout the year. This class includes a thorough review of research skills using databases and electronic sources, MLA format, and strategies to avoid plagiarism, as juniors are now held accountable for all forms of plagiarism as outlined in the Student Handbook. In order to develop effective oratory skills, students will participate in class discussions, recitations, and oral presentations.

This course is designed for the junior English student who has proven competency in reading, analytical thinking, composition, and grammar. Course content consists of a survey of American literature from the 17th through the 21st centuries. Students will study the development of American literature over time, in direct relation to historical events and the literary periods that influenced an author’s body of work. Students will develop composition skills to prepare them for advanced writing in either Honors English 12 or AP English Literature. To that effect, students will write a variety of essays, including expository, narrative, formal argument, and literary analysis; in addition to their writing of a persuasive research paper. In order to develop effective communication skills, students will participate in class discussions and oral presentations. Additionally, vocabulary instruction, grammar practice, and critical thinking skills will be emphasized.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on English 10 or Honors English 10 achievement.

This course emphasizes the analysis and writing of rhetoric by examining the authors’ purpose, audience, and tone. Stylistic techniques, as well as critical reading strategies and the development of effective arguments, will be the focus throughout the year. Students will read, analyze, and write numerous essays, including narrative, descriptive, process, cause and effect, comparison and contrast, classification and division, definition, and argumentation. Students will read and examine a variety of nonfiction literature - including editorials, print media, and TED talks - in addition to American literature selections. The ultimate goal of the course is to develop critical thinkers with excellent time management and argumentation skills. In order to refine communication skills, students will participate in class discussions, formal presentations, and Socratic seminars. As preparation for the AP examination in May, students will practice timed writing exercises and multiple choice passages using previously released College Board examination materials.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on English 10 or Honors English 10 achievement

The goal of English 12 is to utilize literature to further develop student writing skills. Students will study the origins of British Literature, and how those origins inform us on the development of the English language itself. As students move through time, students will study short texts like essays, poems, and short stories and draw connections between the language development, published works, and historical events of the same period. The course studies language and literature as a force that develops alongside and in conjunction with the changes in the world the writers inhabit. The study of Shakespeare will focus on the play, Macbeth, and his many sonnets. Alongside the study of British Literature, students will master processing skills through writing argumentative text, explanatory text, personal narratives, foundational text, and timed writing. With an emphasis on self-directed learning and writing, students writing will improve and mature until fully prepared for the rigors of college writing.

This course challenges the student to engage critical skills (reading, thinking, writing, collaborating, and speaking) in an intellectually provocative environment. The reading curriculum includes models of professional essays, selections from British literature, and college-level readings in logic and philosophical perspectives. These essays and selected readings serve as material for critical reading and for critical writing and evaluation. The professional essays cover the scope of college writing requirements: narrative, report, 10 formal argument, evaluation, causal analysis, formal proposal, literary analysis, rhetorical analysis, the essay exam, and the position paper. Students write numerous critical analysis papers based on the professional readings each trimester. All essays require parenthetical documentation, a Works Cited, and a Bibliography (if needed) using MLA style. Beyond the essay reading and writing focus, students engage in critical thinking, collaborating and speaking through special study units in logic and philosophical perspectives, and in group projects.The literature curriculum offers a study of literary analysis, critical analysis, and readings that launch the students into a study of logic and philosophy as well as participation in Socratic Seminars.

This college-level course is offered to a select group of advanced readers and writers. These students will take a nationwide examination at the end of the course that may qualify them for as many as six hours of college credit. Through intensive reading, class study, presentations, seminars, and discussions, students will develop analytical reading and writing skills while exploring a wide variety of important pieces of prose and poetry from British, American, and world literature. Students will frequently write analytical and research-based essays both in and out of class, with an emphasis on close textual analysis and advanced research skills. Students will also be required to read additional books outside of assigned class reading with the goal of exposing students to a wide variety of literature, honing close reading skills, and sharpening writing, discussion, and presentation skills.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on Honors English 11 or AP English Language Composition achievement

The assignments and selection of book in Survey of Literature endeavor to stimulate individual interests and abilities in reading. The emphasis is on the pleasure and enjoyment of reading with the auxiliary benefits of expanding literary background, developing good reading habits, reinforcing communication skills, working toward competency in written expression and developing self-discipline. Students must read a minimum of five books per trimester and complete assignments based on each selection. Assessments include participation in individual and/or group discussions, creative/analytical writing assignments and creative projects. Students are not tested but are required to complete a final comprehensive assignment.

This course presents a study of the important people, events, and trends of the ancient world beginning with prehistoric man and concluding with a study of the early Middle Ages. Emphasis will be placed on gaining an in-depth understanding of major trends and circumstances that impacted lives in both ancient and modern times. Particular attention will be given to the major economic, religious and cultural systems that defined 12 man’s existence both then and now. Skill development will focus on library research, critical thinking skills, and writing skills necessary for interpretation and synthesis.

The culture, religion, economics, politics and society of the Global Community from 1400s to the present will be examined. The course emphasizes the use of primary sources, extensive daily discussion, and the development of research, critical thinking and writing skills. In addition to the tests, quizzes and homework assignments requiring a sophisticated level of interpretation, all students will complete oral presentations and thorough research projects.

Advanced Placement European History is a highly challenging course taught on the college level covering trends in Western Civilization from 1400 to the present. Students will complete summer reading assignments, analyze primary sources, complete extensive essay assignments, and work on test-taking strategies including multiple choice and timed essay writing. Emphasis will be given to understanding the major historical trends from a cultural, political, religious, social and economic perspective.

Prerequisites: English and history teacher recommendations based on classroom performance

Designed to provide students with a chronological and thematic view of American history, this course begins with the Native American migration throughout the Americas and concludes with the present. The course content focuses on major historical events and their effect on United States history, major themes throughout United States history, and the analysis and interpretation of history. In addition, skill development will focus on critical thinking, writing and research. Finally, the course will attempt to link events of the past with contemporary American issues. 

A more rigorous version of U.S. History, this course will require more primary source reading, historical research and written analysis. Solid reading and writing skills, along with a willingness to devote considerable time to homework and study, are necessary to succeed. The focus will be the American Revolution to the 20th century. Students will investigate the various social and political factors that have shaped American democracy, the emergence of the United States as a world power, the economic problems caused by changing conditions and the various social forces and movements that have reshaped the basic fabric of American society.

Prerequisite: History teacher recommendation based on classroom performance.

Prerequisite: English and history teacher recommendation based on classroom performance Advanced Placement U.S. History is designed to give students a foundation in the chronology of American history and in major interpretative questions formulated from the study of selected themes. To prepare students for the Advanced Placement exam in U.S. History, as prepared by the College Board, special emphasis is placed on analysis of primary sources, reading comprehension and essay writing.

This course provides students the opportunity to take an in-depth look at American political institutions at all three levels of operation: local, state and federal. The course focuses on making connections between the theoretical and the practical by building upon the basic introduction to American political philosophy offered in U.S. History. Special emphasis is placed on gaining an understanding of the workings of each of the three branches of government and on the citizen’s role and obligation within the democratic framework. Use of primary sources, contemporary media and technological sources will enhance the learning experience. Skill development will focus on sophisticated interpretation and synthesis, making value judgments from informed positions, research and writing.

This course is designed for the senior government student who wants the challenge of longer and more advanced reading and writing assignments than in American Government. Course content will include the constitutional underpinnings of United States government, political beliefs and behaviors, political parties, interest groups, mass media, state and local government, the three branches of government, civil rights and liberties, and institutional and policy processes. Instruction will be provided in advanced research skills and critical analysis of political readings and current events. Students will be expected to develop competency in these areas.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on U.S. History/ Honors U.S. History classroom performance

Advanced Placement United States Government and Politics is a fast-paced course that will cover the following major content areas: constitutional underpinnings of United States government, political beliefs and behaviors, political parties, interest groups, mass media, Congress, the presidency, bureaucracy, federal judicial system, institutional and policy processes, civil rights and civil liberties. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the analysis of current events throughout the year as they relate to the material. Students are expected to conduct most of their work individually in preparation for the AP exam at the end of the year.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on U.S. History/ Honors U.S. History classroom performance

This course will discuss and analyze the impact of American film and television on popular culture. Movies and programs shown will reflect how American society viewed issues of politics, age, gender, race, sex, class and ethnicity. Movie selection will include; On the Waterfront, To Kill a Mockingbird, Rebel Without a Cause, East of Eden and The Maltese Falcon. Television programs will include: Leave it to Beaver, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Laugh-In, The Cosby Show, and the works of Norman Lear. The course is writing intensive and additional research projects will be assigned. A maximum of 12 students will be able to enroll in this course.

This course will provide students with an in-depth look into the Armenian Genocide, the Holocaust, and the genocides in Cambodia, Rwanda, and Darfur, and other examples of mass violence, such as the Holodomor, disappearances in Argentina and Chile, Stalin’s purges, and the Rohingya. We will examine the role of America in the context of these conflicts. We will examine the questions of what enables individuals collectively and individually to perpetrate evil/genocide and examine the impact of apathetic bystanders on human violence. Students will participate in a variety of individual, small, and large group projects.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of a modern world history

Presenting a broad overview of economic theory, history, development and application, this course introduces terms, definitions, policies and philosophies of market economies. It not only provides some comparison with other economic systems but also includes research and discussions related to microeconomic and macroeconomic concepts, as well as personal finance. In addition to discussing and writing about these topics, students will complete individual and group projects, presenting their research before the class.

A study of elementary algebra, this course includes traditional topics such as linear, exponential, quadratic and rational functions. With an emphasis on problem solving, it is rigorous and challenging, and demands daily preparation. The graphing calculator is used periodically in a controlled fashion for efficiency and exploration.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Introduction to Algebra I

This course content connects the physical and visual world with concepts learned in Algebra I. Emphasis is placed on activities designed to strengthen spatial skills and logical reasoning ability. These activities cover a wide range of topics from points, lines, angles, planes, circles and polygons to similarity, transformations, and area and volume where formulas are developed and applied in real-world situations. Proofs are interspersed throughout the textbook and trigonometry is introduced to give students a foundation for future study.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Algebra I

This is an accelerated geometry course that requires motivated work at a fast pace. Course content includes all topics in the Geometry course with the addition of solid geometry, transformations and exploration of nontraditional topics. It also includes an extended study of trigonometry to better prepare students for Honors Algebra II/Trig. Greater attention is given to writing proofs and using algebraic techniques to develop geometric concepts.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on Algebra I achievement

In this course, students have the opportunity to develop a greater understanding of topics covered in Algebra I through a thorough review of algebra skills. From this point forward, familiar topics are expanded and new topics presented. Included among new topics are matrix algebra, probability and transformations of functions. Throughout the course, emphasis is placed on problem solving with appropriate use of the graphing calculator.

Prerequisites: Successful completion of Algebra I and Geometry or Honors Geometry

In this course, students will study in greater depth basic algebraic topics and also learn the fundamentals of new material, such as higher order polynomials, probability, transformations, imaginary numbers, logarithms, sequences and series, and trigonometry. These expanded and new topics will be applied to model and solve real-life situations through algebraic techniques and appropriate use of graphing calculators. Rigorous and challenging, this course demands consistent and focused daily preparation.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on Geometry/ Honors Geometry achievement and Algebra I performance

This is a challenging and rapid-paced course that expands the depth and difficulty of standard Algebra II/Trig to include additional topics of conics and matrix algebra. Intended to stretch beyond the introduction of fundamental advanced algebra, this course will challenge students to apply and discover further and more complex applications. Students are expected to have a solid mastery of Algebra I concepts, recall of geometry rules and formulas, and graphing calculator facility.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on Geometry/ Honors Geometry achievement and Algebra I performance

This course expands upon previous algebra material and includes a broad range of intermediate level topics. The curriculum focus is on the development of mathematical models tailored to real-world situations that demonstrate an application of the material learned. The graphing calculator is used to evaluate complex computations and assist in the graphical analysis of functions. After a review of algebra skills, basic trigonometry is introduced with the focus expanded to periodic functions and angle/distance measurements. Algebra topics include linear, exponential, logarithmic, quadratic, rational and higher degree functions, as well as probability and statistics.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Algebra II or Algebra II/Trig, with teacher recommendation

The purpose of Statistics with College Math Prep is to introduce students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, organizing, analyzing and drawing conclusions from data, as well as revisit key Algebra concepts. Statistics topics include design of observational studies and experiments, probability, random variables, sampling distributions and statistical inference with lessons presented using the SMART board. Algebra topics include factoring, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, and trigonometry functions. Students also use the TI-84 Plus graphing calculator, Fathom™ statistical software and Web-based Java applets to investigate statistical and algebraic concepts. Students are not required to memorize statistical formulas, but they are expected to use them proficiently.

Prerequisite: Completion of Trg./ Algebra III or higher math Corequisites: Algebra II/Trig, Honors Algebra II/Trig or higher math

This course is designed to prepare students for a college-level calculus course. A thorough study of the functions needed for calculus is provided: specifically trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential and polynomial functions. Although the graphing calculator is used extensively, the focus of the course is on algebraic problem-solving techniques and modeling real-world situations with math functions.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Algebra II/Trig or Trig/Algebra III, with teacher recommendation

This is a challenging and rapid-paced course that builds on the topics presented in Honors Algebra II/Trig. It also extends the depth and difficulty of the standard Precalculus course to include a six-week introduction to the calculus topics of limit and differentiation. To develop the requisite analytical facility for Advanced Placement Calculus BC, relationships among topics are emphasized throughout the course.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Algebra II/Trig or Honors Algebra II/Trig, with teacher recommendation

While not intended to adhere to the Advanced Placement Calculus AB syllabus, this course is equivalent to a one-semester college course. Topics include analysis of functions, limits, differentiation and integration of algebraic and transcendental functions with particular attention given to the use of calculus in problem solving.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Precalculus or Honors Precalculus, with teacher recommendation

This college-level course in calculus and analytic geometry prepares students for the Calculus AB Advanced Placement exam. Calculus students study functions of real variables, limits, continuity, differentiation and integration of algebraic and transcendental functions. Applications of these topics are emphasized.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on Precalculus or Honors Precalculus achievement

In addition to the topics covered in the AB level course, students study parametric, polar and vector functions, and improper integrals. Polynomial approximations and series are studied including tests for convergence or divergence and the use of technology to explore these concepts. Taylor series and Maclaurin series are formally manipulated. Differential equations and logistic models are introduced at the AB level but studied more thoroughly in the BC course. Students will take the BC level exam, which includes an AB subscore.

Prerequisite: Teacher recommendation based on Honors Precalculus achievement

This course covers differential, integral and vector calculus for functions of more than one variable. The focus is to expand the ideas of Calculus to three dimensions and beyond. This course covers material that is roughly equivalent to a college Calculus course. Though the pace is not as fast as a college course, it maintains approximate rigor to what is expected at a college level. These mathematical tools and methods discussed in this course are used extensively in the physical sciences, engineering, economics and computer graphics. They also lay the groundwork for more advanced studies of mathematics.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of AP Calculus BC, with teacher recommendation

Advanced Placement Statistics is equivalent to a one-semester, introductory college statistics course. Its purpose is to introduce students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, organizing, analyzing and drawing conclusions from data. Topics include design of observational studies and experiments, random variables, distributions, hypothesis testing confidence intervals, chi-square goodness of fit tests and regression analysis with lessons presented using the SMART Board. Students also use the TI-84 Plus graphing calculator, Fathom™ statistical software, and web-based Java applets to investigate statistical concepts. Although they are not required to memorize formulas, they are expected to use them proficiently. This course should be of particular interest to students planning a career in biological science, business, medicine, political science, education or the social sciences. While preference will be given to juniors and seniors, sophomores taking Honors Algebra II/Trig will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

Prerequisite: Math teacher recommendation based on analytical skills and work habits; Corequisites: Algebra II/Trig, Honors Algebra II/Trig or higher math

This lecture/laboratory science course is an introduction to human anatomy and physiology focusing on the structure and function of the human body. The course follows a systematic approach to the study of the human body and includes examination of tissue and organ structure and function. Students will also explore the pathology of aging and diseases. The pace and depth are suitable for those students whose scientific interest and background are basic but who wish to pursue greater knowledge in the area.

AP Biology is a college-level lecture/laboratory course that covers a wide range of topics outlined by The College Board, including biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, genetics, biotechnology, botany, human biology, ecology, and evolution. Throughout all topics, the engineering of living systems based on their chemical structures is emphasized, and the efficiency of biological processes is analyzed through mathematical concepts, such as statistics. Students must be prepared to regularly do extensive independent review and take responsibility for their own learning. Critical thinking and problem solving, with the ability to apply concepts learned in previous and other math and science classes, are essential to success.

Prerequisites: Honors Biology and Chemistry, with science teacher recommendation based on classroom performance.

Advanced Placement Chemistry is a college-level lecture/laboratory course, which includes an in-depth analysis of the basic topics covered in introductory chemistry with advanced problem solving techniques in stoichiometry, kinetics, equilibrium, qualitative and quantitative analysis, acid/base and buffer chemistry, oxidation/reduction reactions and electrochemistry, thermodynamics, gas laws, and nuclear chemistry. Students must be prepared to do extensive independent practice and take responsibility for their own learning. Critical thinking and problem solving are essential to success.

Prerequisites: Chemistry (Honors Chemistry suggested), with Chemistry teacher recommendation based on classroom performance Corequisite: Precalculus, Honors Precalculus or higher math

To be successful in this difficult, fast-paced course, a student must be a disciplined and independent learner. Designed to serve as a first course in computer science for students with no prior computing experience, Advanced Placement Computer Science is equivalent to a one-semester college-level course. Because the development of computer programs to solve problems is a skill fundamental to the study of computer science, a large part of the course is built around the development of computer programs or parts of programs that correctly solve a given problem. The course also emphasizes design issues that make programs understandable, adaptable, and, when appropriate, reusable. In addition, an understanding of the basic hardware and software components of computer systems and the responsible use of these systems are integral parts of the course. Students taking this course will take the AP Computer Science A exam. This course is not considered a laboratory science in terms of graduation requirements.

Prerequisite: At the Honors Geometry or higher math level during sophomore year with science teacher recommendation based on facility with mathematical reasoning, comfort with algebraic functions and function notation and the ability to communicate thoughts clearly in written form.

This is a college-level lecture/laboratory course designed to provide students with the scientific principles, concepts and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world, to identify and analyze environmental problems both natural and human-made, to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and to examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or preventing them. Students must be prepared to do extensive independent practice and take responsibility for their own learning. Critical thinking and problem solving are essential to success. While preference will be given to juniors and seniors, sophomores taking Honors Chemistry will be considered if space is available.

Prerequisites: Biology or Honors Biology and concurrent enrollment in or successful completion of Chemistry or Honors Chemistry , with science teacher recommendation based on classroom performance

In accordance with The College Board, this calculus-based lecture/laboratory science course is designed to be a student’s second physics course, taken after Honors Physics. Comparable to a one-semester sequence course required of physical science, math and engineering students at the university level, AP Physics C is intended for qualified seniors who expect to pursue further study in these areas. Major topics include mechanics, electricity and magnetism. Throughout the course, emphasis is placed on theoretical concepts, problem solving and practical applications, with about 20% of time spent on lab projects. Although mechanics topics will be covered, the AP Physics C Mechanics exam is optional; however, all students must take the AP Physics C Electricity and Magnetism exam.

Prerequisites: Honors Physics, concurrent enrollment in or successful completion of Advanced Placement Calculus AB, with science teacher recommendation based on classroom performance.

This lecture/laboratory science course provides a general background in chemistry with emphasis on laboratory experience to reinforce key concepts and to develop lab safety and good laboratory techniques. Chemistry is the study of matter, its composition, its structure and the changes it undergoes. Topics range from atomic structure (which forms the basis for understanding chemical bonding, composition, formulas and equations) to stoichiometry to phases of matter and the laws which govern them.

Prerequisite: Biology or Honors Biology

This course is an engineering-based problem solving elective for students in grades 9-12. The course encourages visual problem solving using a common graphic language to describe forms in a man-made environment. It challenges the creative thinker to conceive new products and to develop products using a hands-on approach in a Makerspace lab. The basic emphasis is placed on developing fundamental architectural skills and techniques. This includes the latest technologies information, methodology and standards relating to drafting, CAD, design and construction. Hands-on experiences include drafting, computer-aided design and modeling. Students dig deep as they apply the engineering design process, principles and standards, developing their creativity and critical thinking skills along the year-long journey. They will work both individually and in teams, using old and new math and science concepts, to design solutions to a variety of real-world problems. Through this hands-on approach, they master graphic communication skills such as concept sketching, 3D modeling, STEM research techniques and how to effectively document and present solutions, ideas and a prototype in a Saints Tank project in the spring.

In this course, students will work in conjunction with today's technologies to employ the theories of science and math to solve problems in the various fields of Electrical, Environmental and Software Engineering. Students will research, develop, design, produce, construct and test projects including structures, machines, products, systems and processes. It is an excellent course to prepare students for the academic engineering program at a preparatory college or any other institution that enables students to soar to new heights. A student team will have the opportunity to create new products of their own design while defining the systems structure of a manufacturing enterprise in a Makerspace setting. This will be accomplished using new technologies (CNC, CAD, and GEForce GTX1070 and Jumper T16) in conjunction with mold design, prototyping and production activities. An emphasis will be placed in Aerospace Engineering as students will learn the dynamics of principles of flight through a functional simulator.

Prerequisite: Completion of Design Thinking and Innovation with teacher recommendation

This lecture/laboratory course covers molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, and evolution. Major topics include organic molecules, cell structure and function, photosynthesis and cellular respiration, basic inheritance concepts, as well as how information encoded in DNA is expressed as physical traits. The student must be willing to assume responsibility for keeping up with the work as assigned because of the depth and pace of the class. It is required that a student planning to take AP Biology take this course.

Prerequisite: Science teacher recommendation based on classroom performance

This laboratory/lecture science course provides an extensive background in chemical theory with emphasis on the mathematical computations and problem solving that pertain to chemistry. This course covers the same topics as general chemistry but in greater depth with emphasis on laboratory experience to develop an investigative style of thinking as well as good laboratory technique. In order to adhere to the pace of the course, students are required to develop independent study skills that will prepare them for advanced levels of study. Recommended for students planning to take Advanced Placement Chemistry, this course curriculum includes atomic theory, stoichiometry, physical and chemical properties, periodic relationships, thermochemistry, bonding, gas laws, solution chemistry, kinetics, equilibrium, acid/base chemistry and electrochemistry. Throughout the course, emphasis is placed on mathematics and problem solving, theoretical concepts, practical applications and laboratory techniques.

Prerequisites: Biology or Honors Biology, with science teacher recommendation based on classroom performance 

This is a college-level, algebra-based lecture/laboratory science course. Major topics include kinematics, waves and electricity. Throughout the course, emphasis is placed on mathematics and problem solving, theoretical concepts, practical applications and laboratory techniques. 

Prerequisites: Concurrent enrollment in or successful completion of Honors Algebra II/Trigonometry, with science teacher recommendation based on classroom performance

This lecture/laboratory course provides a strong background in the fundamentals of biology. The concepts are taught in biological order according to complexity, with references to current evolutionary theories. Topics include organic compounds, cell structures, cell transport, photosynthesis, cell respiration, genetics and a comparison of various life forms.

This lecture/laboratory science course is intended to provide a broad, practical base of concepts. Calculations will require strong algebra skills and some trigonometry. Major physics topics covered include mechanics of movement, wave motion and electricity. Throughout the course, emphasis will be placed on conceptual understanding, problem solving and "real-world" applications. Group projects and laboratory experiences will reinforce these concepts.

Prerequisites: Algebra II/Trig or Honors Algebra II/Trig

In this lecture/laboratory course students examine the interactions of human body systems as they explore identity, power, movement, protection, and homeostasis in the body. Exploring science in action, students build organs and tissues on a skeletal Maniken®; use data acquisition software to monitor body functions such as muscle movement, reflex and voluntary action, and respiration; and take on the roles of biomedical professionals to solve real-world medical cases.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of PLTW: Principles of Biomedical Science, with science teacher recommendation based on classroom performance

In the introductory course of the PLTW Biomedical Science program, students explore concepts of biology and medicine to determine factors that led to the death of a fictional person. While investigating the case, students examine autopsy reports, investigate medical history, and explore medical treatments that might have prolonged the person’s life. The activities and projects introduce students to human physiology, basic biology, medicine, and research processes while allowing them to design their own experiments to solve problems. This laboratory science course is designed for a student interested in the biomedical sciences or healthcare who wants exposure to laboratory skills and a variety of career options in the healthcare field.

This lecture/ laboratory science course is designed to create an awareness of career possibilities in health care and inform students of the educational options available for health science and health technology programs. The purpose of this course is to provide an overview of prevention, management and rehabilitation of athletic-related injuries. Students will study basic anatomy as it applies to athletic injuries, protective taping and bracing, and different theories of evaluation and rehabilitation techniques as they apply to athletic injuries. Other topics such as nutrition, physical examination, wound care, environmental conditions and therapeutic modalities will be discussed throughout the year. Students will have supervised access to NSA’s athletic training facilities during the course of the year to work on projects. This course is designed for a mature junior or senior interested in health care.

Through a variety of materials, French I students begin acquiring proficiency in reading, writing, speaking and listening to French while developing cultural sensitivity to the everyday activities of French-speaking people throughout the world. Students communicate in the target language with their peers in paired or cooperative learning groups on a regular basis. The textbook series offers online interactive activities, and various listening activities to help students gain confidence in understanding native speakers from various regions in France and from many different francophone countries. In a video series created for use with the textbook, students follow a continuous storyline, which reinforces and expands on the vocabulary themes and grammatical structures they learn in the book. Students also practice grammar usage and vocabulary through student-centered activities, games, and projects in class.

In French II, students continue acquiring proficiency in reading, writing, speaking and listening to French while further developing an understanding of the culture of French-speaking people throughout the world. French II offers a more in-depth study of grammar while expanding vocabulary in the target language. Students enjoy continuing the video series begun in French I. They also continue to develop their communication skills through paired and group work. Students are expected to begin using the target language whenever possible in class.

Prerequisite: Completion of French I, with teacher recommendation

Building upon the skills learned in French I and II, French III students continue to work toward proficiency in reading, writing, speaking and listening to French. They have a strong understanding of the culture and geography of the French-speaking world. More emphasis is placed upon the details of vocabulary and grammar usage and the application of those rules through readings, composition and conversation in the target language. Students watch the final episodes of the video series they have been watching since French I and enjoy finding out what happens to the characters they have gotten to know so well. The teacher and students make an effort to use the target language as much as possible. To finish the year, students read a mystery novel written in French.

Prerequisite: Completion of French II, with teacher recommendation

This Pre-AP advanced language course is designed for the student who wishes to gain proficiency in French and potentially take AP French Language the following year. Many of the themes of AP French Language will be introduced and explored through the analysis of authentic films; in depth explorations of francophone culture and literature; and writing using advanced vocabulary and grammatical structures. Various videos, news clips and other online sources are used to further the students understanding of native speakers. The year ends with an in-depth study of Le Petit Prince. The course will be conducted almost entirely in French, and individual and group oral participation by the student is mandatory.

Prerequisite: Completion of French III, with teacher recommendation

Conducted mainly in the target language, this course provides an advanced study of French language through the synthesis and analysis of literature and film from a variety of cultures from the francophone world. Students will learn advanced grammatical structures and complex nuances of the language through the study of short films by contemporary filmmakers. During each unit, students will write several essays and engage in lively conversations and debates relating to the theme of the lesson. Students will further their own listening and speaking proficiency through exposure to authentic texts taken from various media sources such as radio, television and the Internet. Students are expected to speak only in the target language when in the classroom.

Prerequisite: Completion of Honors French IV, with teacher recommendation

Conducted exclusively in the target language, this course provides an advanced study of the French language through the study of six different themes: family and communities, science and technology, beauty and aesthetics, contemporary life, global challenges, and personal and public identities. The course develops the student’s proficiency in the target language and insight into francophone culture through exposure to authentic texts such as literary and artistic works, videos, music, interviews, and podcasts. Review of grammatical structures and vocabulary practice are integrated into the course as are conversations and brief presentations. The course culminates in the students taking the AP French Language and Culture exam in May.

Prerequisite: Completion of Honors French IV, with teacher recommendation

Using the Cambridge Latin Course, Unit One and Two textbooks, students learn the inflection of Latin forms and the fundamentals of grammar. Included in these grammatical topics are the cases of nouns and their basic uses, simple verb forms such as present, imperfect, perfect and pluperfect indicatives and infinitives. Also taught are the comparison of adjectives and adverbs, prepositions, and fundamental grammar terms and concepts. In Unit I, students read simple stories that present a continuous narrative about a Roman family, living in Pompeii in the latter half of the first century A.D. In Unit II, a main character arrives in Britain and flashes back to the time he spent in Egypt. Lessons include material on Roman civilization such as the makeup of a Roman family, daily life and entertainment, the geography of the Roman Empire, and the Romanization of Britain, as well as the practical appreciation and usefulness of Latin, including word study, derivatives and Latin phrases, abbreviations and mottoes occurring often in English.

Students complete the Unit Three textbook, moving to more complex sentence structures and grammatical forms and begin the Unit Four textbook. They continue to translate the narrative begun in the Unit One book and study Roman history and civilization, as well as Latin connections with English. With the addition of the present and perfect subjunctive and supines, the students will round out their knowledge of verb forms. They will begin to read authentic Latin, first interspersed in the story as though it is being recited by the characters, and later by itself in chapters devoted to authors or topics. Students will learn about the social and political climates in which the authors wrote and how those influenced their writing.

Prerequisite: Completion of Latin II, with teacher recommendation

This lecture/laboratory course covers molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, and evolution. Major topics include organic molecules, cell structure and function, photosynthesis and cellular respiration, basic inheritance concepts, as well as how information encoded in DNA is expressed as physical traits. The student must be willing to assume responsibility for keeping up with the work as assigned because of the depth and pace of the class. It is required that a student planning to take AP Biology take this course.

Prerequisite: Science teacher recommendation based on classroom performance

Students complete the Unit Four textbook, learning to translate selected passages from Roman writers such as Vergil, Catullus, Ovid, Pliny, Martial and Cicero. They are encouraged to put themselves in the shoes of various Roman authors to react to others’ writings or to historical events discussed in class. Upon successful completion of the fourth year, students may be recommended to undertake the challenge of Advanced Placement Latin.

Prerequisite: Completion of Latin III, with teacher recommendation

Students continue to study classical Latin literature and to develop their skills in reading, translating, interpreting and analyzing passages. Course content includes works of Horace, Ovid, Cicero, Livy and Vergil. This course will be offered only with adequate enrollment and will be tailored to the students’ interest.

Prerequisite: Completion of Honors Latin IV, with teacher recommendation

Students complete the AP syllabus, reading Vergil’s Aeneid and Caesar’s De Bello Gallico. They examine literary devices and meter, render literal translations, and write interpretive essays. The students will draw on their prior knowledge of Roman history and customs to aid in their analysis of the selections being read and will analyze the passages as they relate to the themes of leadership, human beings and the gods, Roman values, war and empire, history and memory, and views of non-Romans. This course will be offered only with adequate enrollment.

Prerequisite: Completion of Honors Latin IV, with teacher recommendation

This introductory course places an emphasis on basic vocabulary and fundamental grammar skills of Spanish. Grammar topics include: subject pronouns, present tense conjugations of regular and irregular verbs, adjective/noun agreement, ser vs. estar and the present progressive. The first-year student gains an insight to the culture of Spanish-speaking countries and begins to learn basic conversational skills in the target language.

The second year of Spanish is a continuation of the grammar and vocabulary building experienced in the first year. More emphasis, however, is placed upon the details of grammar and usage. Grammar topics include: object pronouns, reflexive verb conjugations, preterite tense conjugations of regular and irregular verbs, and imperfect tense conjugations of regular and irregular verbs. In the second year of Spanish, the student examines cultural differences and begins to concentrate on speaking and listening skills.

Prerequisites: Completion of Spanish I, with teacher recommendation

Spanish III deals with advanced grammar and conversation as well as reading and interpreting short works of fiction and nonfiction. The students continue to develop their writing skills, which enable them to express their thoughts clearly and concisely in the Spanish language. Culture and traditions of Spanish speaking countries are integrated throughout the curriculum. In addition, practical conversation skills are reinforced using targeted vocabulary and grammar concepts.

Prerequisites: Completion of Spanish II, with teacher recommendation

This advanced language course allows students to practice the major grammar structures previously studied, as well as more complex grammar concepts. Considerable emphasis will be given to enriching the students’ active vocabulary and increasing their ability to comprehend and express themselves in spoken and written Spanish. Students will be required to speak in Spanish in a variety of situations ranging from class discussions to oral presentations. In addition, students will read and interpret authentic cultural stories written by Spanish-speaking authors.

Prerequisite: Completion of Spanish II, with teacher recommendation

This Pre-AP advanced language course is designed for the student who wishes to gain proficiency in Spanish and potentially take AP Spanish Language or AP Spanish Literature the following year. The six themes of AP Spanish Language will be introduced and explored through the analysis of authentic films and broadcasts; in depth explorations of Hispanic culture and literature; and research and writing using advanced vocabulary and grammatical structures. The course will be conducted almost entirely in Spanish, and individual and group oral participation by the student is mandatory.

Prerequisite: Completion of Honors Spanish III, with teacher recommendation

Conducted exclusively in the target language, this course will provide an advanced study of the Spanish language through the study of six different themes: family and communities; science and technology; beauty and aesthetics; contemporary life; world-wide current events; and personal and public identities. The course develops the student’s proficiency in the target language and insight into Hispanic culture through exposure to authentic texts taken from different media (radio, television, the internet). Review of grammatical structures and vocabulary practice are integrated into the course.

Prerequisite: Honors Spanish IV achievement, with teacher recommendation

This course will be conducted entirely in Spanish and is designed to improve written and oral communication skills needed to excel at a university level of study of the Spanish language. Six thematic units will provide a medium to refine these skills and assist in the acquisition of a strong knowledge of the history and culture of Spanish countries. Varied authentic resources; key texts; literary and artistic works; videos; music; grammar reviews; and myriad speaking opportunities will provide the foundation of the class. The course will culminate in taking the AP Spanish Language exam in May.

Prerequisite: Honors Spanish IV achievement, with teacher recommendation

The AP Spanish Literature and Culture course uses a thematic approach to introduce students to representative texts (short stories, novels, poetry, plays, and essays) from Peninsular Spanish, Latin American, and U. S. Hispanic literature. Students develop proficiencies across the three modes of communication (interpretive, interpersonal, and presentational). Through careful examination of the required readings and other texts, students work to sharpen their critical reading and analytical writing skills. Literature is explored within the contexts of its time and place, and students gain insights on the many voices, historical periods, and cultures represented in the required readings and other texts. The course also includes a strong focus on cultural, artistic, and linguistic connections and comparisons, which is supported by the exploration of various media (art, music, film, articles, and literary criticism).

Prerequisite: Honors Spanish IV achievement, with teacher recommendation

Exploration of Media invites students to discover their creativity with a variety of artistic techniques and art mediums. Imagination, creativity and innovation are the foundation of art. Two- and three-dimensional projects assist in developing a comprehensive understanding of the elements and principles of art and design. Art history is regularly integrated into projects. Routine sketchbook assignments are also given as a way to improve basic drawing skills. Through this course, students learn to make independent choices and also learn how to think critically and develop a lifelong appreciation for the arts. Participation in the NSA student art and photography show and regional art shows are required.

Students expand and build upon their Art I knowledge. Critiquing skills are developed and utilized. Drawing skills, design, watercolor, acrylic painting, portraiture and clay are studied. Art history and current events in Art are discussed in every area of exploration. Participation in the NSA student art and photography show, Portfolio, and participation in regional art shows are required.

Based on art history, aesthetics and production, new activities are explored annually. Periods of inquiry will include drawing, painting, pastels, printmaking, collage construction and three-dimensional design. In addition, students are encouraged to pursue personal interests. Students are introduced to contemporary artists along with past masters. Student critiques are consistently utilized. Participation in the NSA student art and photography show and regional art shows are required.

This course allows students who are not ready for the independence of AP Studio Art a continuing in-depth exploration of art history, aesthetics and production. New activities are explored annually in a studio setting, allowing students to advance and refine their skills in drawing, pastels, printmaking, collage construction and three-dimensional design. Student critiques continue on a regular basis. Participation in the NSA student art and photography show and regional art shows are required.

Offered to seniors who have completed at least three years of art and/or photography or by special permission of the instructor after a review of a portfolio, this course consists of work in observational drawing, design, color, and three-dimensional forms. Students may choose from a Drawing, 2D or 3D Art and Design portfolio. The culmination of the course is the submission of a two-part portfolio to the College Board: Sustained Investigation and Selected Works. The Sustained Investigation will consist of 15 digital images of art and design and process documentation. Typed responses to prompts will provide information about the questions that guided their investigation and how they practiced, experimented, and revised during the art making process. In the Selected Works section, students will submit five works of art and design and writing to demonstrate skillful synthesis of materials, processes, and ideas. Students are expected to enter regional art competitions. Work will be necessary and expected beyond regular class time.

Prerequisite: Advanced Art, with teacher recommendation

The purpose of this course is to learn how to create art and original graphics using computer software and technological equipment. Time spent in this course will be divided among learning Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, and concepts of digital photography. For this course, students will need a laptop, Adobe Creative Cloud All Apps package, access to a digital camera (Smartphones may be acceptable with instructor’s permission) and a 32GB flash drive.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Art I

Photography exists when art, technology, and chemistry meet. These subjects are all used when learning the foundations of digital and 35mm photographic processes. This course invites students to discover the traditional and new photographic methods, to study the history of photography and to see the world in a new way. Through this course students will learn to compose successful photographs, understand camera parts and functions and explore darkroom techniques during the developing and printing of black and white film. Adobe Photoshop and Lightroom will also be introduced and students will learn how to digitally manipulate their photographs, understand how to decipher image types and file sizes and print their digital images. Assignments will focus on a particular genre or style and experimental methods will be investigated. Participation in the NSA student art and photography show and regional art shows are required.

This course is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of music. Students will develop an understanding and appreciation for music by playing the piano and percussion instruments, music theory, music history, music technology, composing, and critical listening. Students will leave the course with a deeper understanding and appreciation for music and also be prepared to join the Upper School Band the following 26 year as a percussionist if they choose to.

This course is designed to expose students to a wider range of musical experiences and literature from previous experiences in Middle School Intermediate Band. These experiences aim to prepare students for a deeper appreciation of, and ability to participate in, musical experiences in college and beyond. Students will learn advanced concepts in music theory, musical literacy, critical listening, ear training, and gain an appreciation for musical aesthetics in regards to wind ensemble literature and various performance stylings. Concert Band students are required to perform in the Marching Band as part of their curricula. The Marching Band provides entertainment during football games as well as in the community by participating in local parades. Additional opportunities to perform are given to Upper School Band students in groups such as Upper School Jazz Ensemble, Upper School Pep Band, as well as small student-led chamber ensembles which are available upon interest. These chamber groups can include, but are not limited to: flute choir, brass ensemble, jazz combo, and percussion ensemble. Skills and concepts learned in the various performing ensembles are showcased in multiple performances throughout the year.

Prerequisite: Prior instrumental experience

Intermediate Choral Music is designed as a study in vocal production, music fundamentals and music appreciation. Students will experience opportunities to sing for personal enjoyment and to perform a variety of choral literature through which knowledge of form and historical context is acquired. One of the goals of instruction is the development of correct vocal technique including proper posture, breathing, diction, a free and clear tone, accurate intonation, and singing in unison and harmony. Music reading skills are encouraged through theory and sight singing, enhancing the student’s ability to understand the mechanics of a music score. Students will also learn to demonstrate the expressive qualities of music, to evaluate music performances and to contribute to the quality of the ensemble. Students participate in extended school day rehearsals, performances and activities that support and extend learning in the classroom.

Advanced Choral Music is designed as a study in vocal production, music fundamentals and music appreciation. Auditioned students will experience opportunities to sing for personal enjoyment and to perform a variety of choral literature through which knowledge of form and historical context is acquired. Instruction encourages the development of proficiency in ensemble singing and competency in individual performance. Music reading skills are encouraged through increased levels of difficulty of theory and sight singing. Students will also learn to demonstrate refined expressive qualities of music, to evaluate more complex music performances and to contribute to the quality of the ensemble. Students participate in extended school day rehearsals, performances and activities that support and extend learning in the classroom.

Prerequisite: Audition with teacher

The goal of this course is to instruct students with strong musical backgrounds in the fundamental concepts of tonal music theory: rhythm, pitch, simple and compound meters, scales, keys, intervals, triads, diatonic relationships and basic tonal harmony.

Prerequisite: Current Chorus or Band student or passing score on entrance exam

The Stage Crafts and Theatre Arts course provides a comprehensive education of the theatre, including training for onstage work and behind-the-scenes crafts. First-year students are introduced to the skill of acting and design, while advanced students are trained for the rigorous competitive world of college and community auditions. Acting training includes learning a proper theatrical warm-up and diction, preparation and improvisation, monologue and scene study, as well as performance opportunities on campus and at local conventions. The Stage Crafts aspect of the class includes a study of production and stage design, color theory and lighting. Students will become well versed in Theatre History from Greek Theatre to the present. All students are integrally involved in NSA productions, serving as leaders in stage management, lighting, costuming, props and house management, while displaying their gifts on stage in our many diverse productions. Students who continue in the class will have extended opportunities to Direct and Stage Manage to apply their skills at a higher level.

This course offers an intensive study of yearbook production using Josten’s web-based design program. In this course, students design and publish the school yearbook, The Scroll. The course offers instruction in beginning and advanced layout and design, copywriting, and management skills. Instruction is given in beginning photography, including digital camera use. Students may be chosen to be editors of each section of the yearbook, sharpening his or her leadership skills. Event photography is required of all students during after-school hours and on some weekends. After the book for the current year is sent to print, students will begin working on design, theme, and content for the following year. Quality work, time management, maintaining confidentiality, and the ability to self-manage and meet deadlines are skills that are essential for this course.

The purpose of this class is to teach and progress students in the area of strength training and development so the students can gain enough knowledge to continue their physical fitness journey after this class is complete. Time will be spent learning the fundamentals of proper positioning, grip, acceleration, breathing, and overall form of exercises that will be taught within the class setting to ensure student safety. By actively participating in the course, students will be in a better physical state than when they began the course. They will have a foundation of knowledge to take what they learn and continue to apply it to their fitness after the course is complete.

Students enrolled in this academic course will provide assistance to the School’s Office of Admissions. Under the guidance of the Admissions team, students will work directly with prospective families and applicants in many aspects of the admissions process. Students will help facilitate the planning and execution of admissions events, will communicate with Saint Student Ambassadors and will work with faculty to identify sales tools and talking points. Interns will learn sales and marketing strategies, leadership, management and general business concepts. Preparation and participation in admissions events may include occasional attendance after the academic hours. Throughout this yearlong program, the student will routinely meet with and be evaluated by the director of admissions.

Prerequisite: Administration recommendation under the direct guidance of the Director of Admissions

Under the direct guidance of the Lower School teachers and administration, students enrolled in this academic course will provide instructional assistance to the teacher and students both in and out of the classroom. The student will assist in small and large group learning environments. Students will gain an understanding of educational practices and childhood development through observation and co-facilitation of student lessons and activities. Throughout this yearlong program, the student will routinely meet with and be evaluated by the assigned teacher.

Students enrolled in this academic course will provide assistance to those participating in the Innovation Lab or related STEM programs/activities under the direct guidance and evaluation of the STEM Learning and Innovation Specialist. The student will assist in small and large group settings for students, teachers and community members during the academic day. This may include periodic attendance during non-class hours, such as after school or otherwise, after academic hours to co-facilitate tours and training. The student will learn to manage and process requests for lab equipment, assist with the facilitation of learning in the lab, and problem-solve issues with the technical equipment. Throughout this year-long program, the student will routinely meet with and be evaluated by the STEM Learning and Innovation Specialist.

Prerequisite: Design Thinking & Innovation with administration recommendation

Under the direct guidance of the director of advancement, students enrolled in this academic course will provide assistance to the school’s Office of Advancement. The student will gain a greater understanding of the meaning and purpose of philanthropic support and nonprofit management. In this business-focused internship, students will learn concepts of sales, leadership, management, marketing, fundraising, grant making, event management and execution. Preparation and participation in fundraising events may include periodic attendance after academic hours. Throughout this year-long program, the student will routinely meet with and be evaluated by the director of advancement.

Students enrolled in this academic course will assist the director of technology instruction and network administration in the support of the use of technology throughout the academic day. The student will assist in ensuring classroom and meeting space technology is functional and updated. Under the direct guidance of the director, the student will learn to troubleshoot common and advanced technology issues. Throughout this year-long program, the student will routinely meet with and be evaluated by the director of technology.

This course is created to help incoming international students adjust to life in the United States and at Nansemond-Suffolk Academy. Students participate in projects and discussions and receive differentiated assistance in subject areas. They will also develop language proficiency, hone specific academic/study skills, learn about the college process, and practice mindfulness as a way to reduce stress in what can be a difficult transition. Students enrolled in this yearlong course will earn one credit toward graduation and will be graded as Pass/Fail.